Highly Infectious Diseases in Critical Care by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030338039
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Virology

Crimean-Congo virus is a member of the Nairovirus genus within the family Bunyaviridae, with other genera including Orthobunyavirus, Hantavirus, Phlebovirus, and Tospovirus. CCHF virus is one of seven nairoviral serotypes consisting of a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome divided into three circular segments [38]. Each segment is named for its size, with the small (S) segment encoding the nucleocapsid protein, the medium (M) segment encoding the envelope proteins, and the large (L) segment encoding the RNA polymerase [39]. The M segment polyprotein undergoes cotranslational cleavage and posttranslational processing in the endoplasmic reticulum to produce the GN and GC transmembrane glycoproteins. While studies to identify specific cellular receptors used by CCHF virus to gain entry to host cells, recent work suggests GC may bind to nucleolin as an essential step [40]. Once inside the host cell, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase produces positive-sense complementary RNA used to generate new viral genomic strands, while messenger RNA is produced from the viral genome. Transcription, translation, and modification of viral proteins through the host endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus produce virion particles that uptake the genome and exit the cell completing the viral replication cycle [41].

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